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Apoorva Superspeciality Medical Centre
Jayanagar 4th T Block,
Bangalore

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Fortis Hospital
Bannerghatta Road
Bangalore

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  • What is TAVI and how does it work?
    Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure to replace a narrowed aortic valve that fails to open properly (aortic valve stenosis). It involves inserting a catheter through the blood vessels to the heart and implanting a new valve without removing the old, damaged valve.
  • What is TMVR and when is it recommended?
    Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR) is a minimally invasive procedure to replace a damaged mitral valve. It is recommended for patients who are at high risk for traditional open-heart surgery. The procedure involves inserting a new valve through a catheter and placing it inside the existing mitral valve.
  • What is Mitraclip and how is it used?
    MitraClip is a device used in a minimally invasive procedure to treat mitral valve regurgitation, a condition where the heart's mitral valve doesn't close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward in the heart. The MitraClip is delivered to the heart through a catheter and clips the leaflets of the mitral valve together to reduce the regurgitation.
  • What is Myclip and how does it help in heart treatments?
    Myclip is a device used in minimally invasive procedures to treat heart valve diseases. It is similar to Mitraclip and is used to clip the leaflets of the heart valve together to improve valve function and reduce regurgitation.
  • What is Left Atrial Appendage Closure and why is it performed?
    Left Atrial Appendage Closure (LAAC) is a procedure to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib). The left atrial appendage is a small, ear-shaped sac in the muscle wall of the left atrium where blood clots can form. LAAC involves sealing off this appendage to prevent clots from entering the bloodstream and causing a stroke.
  • How is aortic stenosis managed and treated?
    Aortic stenosis, characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve, restricts blood flow from the heart. Treatment options include medications, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), based on the condition's severity and the patient's health.
  • How is mitral regurgitation treated?
    Mitral regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve fails to close properly, leading to backward blood flow into the heart. Treatment options range from medications and mitral valve repair or replacement surgery to minimally invasive procedures like MitraClip or transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR).
  • What are degenerated bioprosthetic valves and how are they managed?
    Degenerated bioprosthetic valves are previously implanted heart valves that have deteriorated over time. They can be managed with valve-in-valve procedures, where a new valve is implanted within the old one using transcatheter techniques, or through surgical replacement.
  • What is the difference between surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)?
    SAVR is a traditional open-heart surgery where the damaged aortic valve is replaced with a new one. TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure where a new valve is implanted via a catheter. TAVR is often recommended for patients at high risk for surgery, while SAVR may be preferred for younger, healthier patients.
  • How durable are TAVI and TMVR procedures?
    TAVI and TMVR procedures have shown good durability in clinical studies, with many patients experiencing improved valve function for several years. However, long-term durability is still being studied, and regular follow-up with a cardiologist is essential to monitor valve performance.
  • What is the typical recovery time after a TEER procedure?
    Recovery after a TEER procedure is generally quicker than open-heart surgery. Patients usually stay in the hospital for a few days and can return to normal activities within a few weeks, depending on their health and recovery rate.
  • Who qualifies for TEER?
    TEER is suitable for patients with severe mitral regurgitation who are high-risk candidates for open-heart surgery. This group often includes elderly individuals, those with multiple health issues, or patients with previous heart surgeries.
  • What is the success rate of TEER procedures?
    The success rate of TEER procedures is generally high, with many patients experiencing significant improvements in mitral regurgitation and heart failure symptoms. Clinical studies have shown favorable outcomes in terms of reduced hospitalizations and improved quality of life.
  • What are the potential risks and complications of TEER?
    While TEER is a minimally invasive procedure, it carries some risks and potential complications, including bleeding, infection, damage to the mitral valve, and the need for additional procedures. However, the overall risk is lower compared to traditional open-heart surgery.
  • How is TEER performed?
    TEER is performed using a catheter-based approach. A small clip is delivered to the mitral valve through a catheter inserted into a vein in the leg. The clip is then used to bring the edges of the mitral valve together, reducing regurgitation and improving valve function.
  • What is angioplasty and how is it performed?
    Angioplasty is a procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. It involves inserting a catheter with a small balloon at its tip into the affected artery. The balloon is then inflated to widen the artery, and a stent may be placed to keep the artery open.
  • What is intravascular imaging and how is it used in cardiology?
    Intravascular imaging is a technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels. It includes methods like intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These techniques help cardiologists assess the extent of artery blockages, guide interventions, and evaluate the success of treatments like angioplasty and stenting.
  • What should I do if I suspect a heart attack?
    If you suspect a heart attack, call emergency services immediately. Symptoms of a heart attack include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach. Early medical intervention is crucial to minimize heart damage and improve outcomes.
  • How does Rotablation work in angioplasty?
    Rotablation is a specialized angioplasty technique that removes calcified plaque from coronary arteries using a high-speed rotating burr. This process grinds away the plaque, improving blood flow and facilitating the placement of stents.
  • What is Orbital Atherectomy and how does it work?
    Orbital atherectomy is a procedure used to treat calcified coronary artery disease. It involves using a diamond-coated, rotating device to sand away the calcified plaque, improving blood flow and facilitating stent placement.
  • What is intravascular imaging and how does it aid in angioplasty?
    Intravascular imaging techniques, such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), provide detailed images of the inside of blood vessels. These techniques help cardiologists assess the extent of artery blockages, guide angioplasty procedures, and evaluate the success of treatments.
  • What is ECMO and how is it used in angioplasty?
    Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-support technique used in critically ill patients. During angioplasty, ECMO can provide temporary support to the heart and lungs, ensuring adequate oxygenation and circulation while the procedure is performed.
  • What is complex angioplasty and when is it needed?
    Complex angioplasty is a procedure used to treat severe or complicated blockages in the coronary arteries. It is needed when standard angioplasty is not sufficient to open the blocked arteries. This procedure may involve advanced techniques and devices to ensure successful treatment.
  • What is laser angioplasty and how is it performed?
    Laser angioplasty is a procedure that uses a laser to vaporize blockages in the coronary arteries. The laser is delivered through a catheter and emits pulses of light to remove the plaque, improving blood flow to the heart.
  • What are the symptoms of a heart attack?
    The symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach. It is important to seek immediate medical attention if you experience these symptoms.
  • What is IVL (Intravascular Lithotripsy) and when is it used?
    Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) is a technique used to treat calcified coronary arteries. It involves using sound waves to break up the calcified plaque, making it easier to perform angioplasty and place stents.
  • What is Impella and how does it assist in angioplasty?
    Impella is a small, heart pump device used to support the heart during high-risk angioplasty procedures. It helps maintain blood flow and reduces the workload on the heart, allowing for safer and more effective treatment of complex blockages.
  • What is an intracardiac defibrillator and when is it used?
    An intracardiac defibrillator (ICD) is a device implanted in the chest to monitor heart rhythms and deliver electric shocks if a life-threatening arrhythmia is detected. It is used in patients at high risk of sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.
  • What is cardiac resynchronization therapy and who can benefit from it?
    Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a treatment for heart failure that uses a special type of pacemaker to coordinate the contractions of the heart's ventricles. It can improve the heart's efficiency and reduce symptoms in patients with heart failure and abnormal electrical activity in the heart.
  • What are pacemakers and how do they work?
    Pacemakers are small devices implanted in the chest to help control abnormal heart rhythms. They send electrical impulses to the heart to ensure it beats at a normal rate and rhythm. Pacemakers are used to treat conditions such as bradycardia (slow heart rate) and heart block.
  • What is Left Bundle Branch (LBB) pacing and when is it used?
    Left Bundle Branch (LBB) pacing is a technique used to improve the heart's electrical conduction in patients with heart block or other conduction disorders. It involves placing a pacing lead in the left bundle branch area to achieve more natural and synchronized heart contractions.
  • What are the indications for a pacemaker?
    Pacemakers are indicated for patients with bradycardia (slow heart rate), heart block, or other conditions that cause the heart to beat too slowly. They help maintain a normal heart rate by sending electrical impulses to the heart.
  • What is Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) and who needs it?
    Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) is recommended for patients with heart failure and abnormal electrical activity in the heart. It uses a special type of pacemaker to coordinate the contractions of the heart's ventricles, improving the heart's efficiency and reducing symptoms.
  • When is an ICD recommended?
    An Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) is recommended for patients at high risk of sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. It monitors heart rhythms and delivers shocks to restore normal rhythm if a life-threatening arrhythmia is detected.
  • What are the benefits of a leadless pacemaker?
    Leadless pacemakers are small, self-contained devices implanted directly into the heart without the need for leads. They reduce the risk of complications associated with traditional pacemakers, such as lead dislodgement or infection, and offer a less invasive option for patients needing pacing therapy.

©2020 by Dr. Srinivasa Prasad. 

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